Business Models Canvas And Business Model - 2281 Words

Business Model Canvas and Business Model Innovation: Business Model Canvas is one of the most popular models used by companies to help them tread through the difficult scenarios of current world. The article starts with a brief introduction about BMC and its components which sets the tone for rest of the article. Certain terms introduced and defined in the BMC explanation are used in the business model innovation framework discussed further. The business model framework explained further in this paper was created by Karan Gitora and Sergui Netessine to help the companies in reinventing the model by utilizing existing resources. It is based on the idea that a business model is a set of key decisions to be made by people in charge to make revenues, incur costs and manage risks thereby creating a sustainable business. The main points of article are structurally weaved together with the teachings and concepts discussed in class. Each point is explained with an example and most of the examples are focused on Amazon’s strategy and cha nges to its business model over years. The business model framework is supposed to improve the decision making of managers responsible. Introduction: Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a proven tool/model used in various settings to help companies, individuals align their activities to what creates value to them. It is a visual chart with 9 different components. As a tool it looks at these nine areas that span across strategy, finance, operations,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Model Canvas Zillow4595 Words   |  19 PagesE-BUSINESS ANALYSIS OF REAL ESTATE COMPANIES Delvin Grant, DePaul University, USA Email: dgrant2@depaul.edu Emna Cherif, DePaul University, USA Email: emcherif@gmail.com ABSTRACT We analyzed the e-business websites of Realestate.yahoo.com, Realtor.com, and Zillow.com. We looked at the similarities and differences between them and how e-business components help differentiate one company from another and the role this plays in contributing to their success. We looked at which business model componentsRead MoreBusiness Model Canvas940 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the business using the BMC †¢ Customer segments From the map above, the organisation can focus on their customers’ area, which is mass markets model for customer segments. Groupon Company (2013) states that we have 39.5 million customers in the world, and they also will recommend friends and family to join in Groupon deal activities. Therefore, the public who includes women, student and singles will create a lager number of value for this organisation. Furthermore, Gil (2013) claimsRead MoreThe Genesis Of The Business Model Canvas2110 Words   |  9 PagesThe genesis of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) consists of nine building blocks that describe a business model. They are: Customer Segments, Value Propositions, Customer Relationships, Channels, Revenue Streams, Key Partners, Key Activities, Key Resources and Cost Structure. (Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y, 2010) One of the unique features of the approach of the Business Model Canvas is that this tool allows for easy, visual representation for decision makers to think about. The tool providesRead MoreThe Theory Of The Business Canvas Model2782 Words   |  12 Pagesmarket research, market requirement, target customers and demographic. Along with this, motivation behind the innovation of Altruis is also mentioned in this paper. Additionally, this paper applies theories of the business canvas model, which helps to understand the nature of Kovert business, their strengths and weakness that helps to develop brand-positioning strategy in the paper. Moreover the theory of diffusion innovation is also proposed which shows the position of Kovert in the market as the innovatorsRead MoreThe Team Report On The Business Model Canvas Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages has focused on the business model canvas. The results achieved from the research are listed below: 1. It’s a tool for improving the value chain of the business. 2. It’ the tool that’s used to visualize the business. 3. Helps to solve the problems facing the business. 4. Help to build an efficient effective customers segments. 5. Manages the relationships with customers to establish a brand loyalty that emerges from competition. 6. Help to manage the costs of business expenditures. HenceRead MoreBusiness Model Canvas : A Coherent Framework760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Business Model Canvas is a coherent framework that comprises holistic perspectives, elements, relationships and logical expression of a specific entrepreneur in generating, delivering and capturing values (Osterwalder, Pigneur Tucci 2005). Through this business model, business can assess and bring innovation to their business concept. According to Osterwalder (2004), the Canvas contains nine relevance building blocks include value proposition, customer segments, channels, customer relationshipsRead MoreBusiness Canvas Model And The Value Proposition Essay2292 Words   |  10 Pages1. You have been hired by a major consulting firm. Your firm uses the business canvas model and the value proposition model to help clients develop their strategy. One of your clients has not seen their approach before and questions its value. They tell you that they think it is just a new management fad and want to know what its purpose is and why it is an improvement over earlier approaches. Explain to your clients what this approach brings to the table. Keep in mind that your client is payingRead MoreWalmart Business Model Canvas Project1673 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction We chose Walmart as the company to focus on for our business model canvas project. Considering that Walmart is the world’s largest retailer, as well as largest private employer, there is a plethora of information on this mammoth company. Sam Walton, Walmart’s founder, had a simple and noble vision for his stores; he said, â€Å"[We wanted to] reduce the cost of living for the people who shopped in our stores† (Soderquist, 2016). To this end, he created the big box retail format thatRead MoreExplanation Of Initial Business Model Canvas1198 Words   |  5 PagesExplanation of Initial Business Model Canvas Customer Segments: The customer type would be a young adult, often an â€Å"early adopter† of new technology and products, eager to customize and personalize their possessions in order to be distinct. They often spend time and money on customizing their products and seek to differentiate themselves from others. Value Propositions: Customers are looking for a way to express themselves in new forms. There are a number of individuals who are part of or supportRead MoreBusiness Model Canvas Considering The Restaurant Industry884 Words   |  4 Pagescustomer on real time basis.They have focused on three type of customer segments 1. Restaurants Bars, 2. Automotive industry 3. University Grad house. But initially they are focusing on the restaurants industry. So, we tried to develop the business model canvas considering the restaurant industry. Key Partners Customer Segments: Since this is a technology based venture based on the region of waterloo, it has got lots of privileges being on this entrepreneurial ecosystem. For instance, Invuze is

The Day Of The Free Throw Line - 939 Words

I begin to worry as I stand at the free throw line. Everyone is watching. My palms begin to sweat profusely. What will people think if I miss? I do not want to let down my teammates. The game is on the line. I have to make the shot. Breath. I take a breath, then slowly exhale. Be confident. I hold the ball between my shaking hands, and tell myself I can do it. Upon releasing the ball, the fans fall silent. Looking up at the basket, I see the basketball soaring closer to the hoop. Please go in. Everything seems to be in slow motion and then finally I hear, Swoosh! I did it. Goal setting can be a hard task at times. Every year New Year resolutions are created, but unfortunately 50% of resolutions fail before the end of January. Generating a resolution may seem easy and straightforward, but producing an achievable goal is what many people struggle with. Many women tell themselves that they will work out more in order to have a toned and skinny body just like a Victoria s Secret model. T he problem is, this is not a realistic and achievable. Therefore, these woman become unsuccessful in a short amount of time, leaving them with a sense of disappointment at the end of the year. Instead of creating an unlikely goal and failing, I have decided that in the year of 2016 I will focus on one simple word that will help with my motivation and self esteem at the end of the year when the goal is reached. In the upcoming year my one word resolution will be confidence. I plan to use thisShow MoreRelatedBasketball Is An Evolving Game1429 Words   |  6 Pagesinbounding the ball instead of taking free throws. Intentional fouling is when a player fouls another player with the intent of putting them on the free throw line. This is called, â€Å"The Hack a Shaq technique,† because Hall of Fame player, Shaquille O’Neal, was often targeted with intentional fouls. Players are targeted with the Hack a Shaq technique when they do not shoot free throws efficiently. When a player shoots a low enough percentage from the free throw line, statistically they will not scoreRead MoreFree Throw Shooting954 Words   |  4 PagesSmart 2 Introduction: Free throw shooting is an art and skill which can affect the outcome of the game. The true definition is a stand still uncontested shot that is placed fifteen feet or four and fifty-seven hundredths meters from the basketball hoop (Lowry,5/13/07). In a coach’s mind free throws should be automatic, a player should rarely miss a free throw. But as the game keeps evolving, the fundamental of the free throw is being lost. There are plenty of things that go into the shotRead MoreVisual Effects On Free Throw Shooting Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesVisual Effects on Free Throw Shooting What is the easiest way to earn points in a basketball game? Free shots, also known as free throws, are given to a player after being fouled. What do shooters focus on to score the given shots? They rely on what they can see. What if the net was removed? Would the player’s free throw accuracy increase or decrease? Visual targets, can have a tremendous effect on one’s shot. According to McCann, A. (2012), basketball players looking to make a shotRead MoreBasketball Nba Star Kevin Durant1530 Words   |  7 Pagesphysical education teacher, who is credited for the invention of basketball in 1891. Originally from Canada, Dr. Naismith was working in Massachusetts at a YMCA training school. He had to come up with a game that would keep students busy on cold winter days. Dr. Naismith used to play a game when he was kid called â€Å"Duck on a Rock,† which is the main foundation of his invention, basketball. Starting with nine players on each team and a soccer ball, the first game of basketball was played on December 21Read MoreAlexander Richman IIi - Original Writing1221 Words   |  5 Pagesis switched him out with tony parker. he came out with 15 points, 3 assist, 5 rebounds and, 5 free throws. Coach told him good job. Kawhi leonard got 25 points, 5 assist, 7 rebounds and, 3 free throws. Danny green got 10 points, 2 assist, 4 rebounds an d, 1 free throw. Lamarcus aldridge got 12 points, 0 assist, 6 rebounds and, 3 free throws. Pau gasol got 5 points, 2 assist,8 rebounds and, 2 free throws. It was 81-74 the spurs are winning it is the 4th Q. jonathan simmons going down the court withRead MoreSuper Bowl : The Championship Game1296 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"AFL VS NFL World Championship Game† was a bit of a mouthful, and no one had thought of a better name. That all changed in 1968 when Lamar Hunt, the owner of the Kansas City Chiefs at the time saw his daughter playing with a Super Ball. That same day, the owners had a meeting about what to call the Championship Game, and Hunt recommended â€Å"Super Bowl† as a joke. The other owners dismissed the idea, but at the end of the meeting, no one could think of a better name. The game went back to being calledRead MoreEssay on The Importance of a Personal ´s Life in Speak806 Words   |  4 Pagesturkey bone thing you did was creepy, too. Creepy in a good way, good creepy.† (145) Mr. Freeman also plays a big part in helping Melinda, whose name means â€Å"I am pretty†, realize her full potential. His name, Freeman indicates that he will help Melinda free herself from her woes and worries. Mr. Freeman is Melinda’s mentor and only caring parental figure. ‘â€Å"Melinda,† Mr. Freeman says, â€Å"You’re a good kid. I think you have a lot to say. I’d like to hear it.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (123) Without art and Mr. Freeman, Melinda wouldRead MoreThe League s Best Center For The Past Seasons1519 Words   |  7 Pagesfinishing first in that category twice. Jordan’s athletic ability is his biggest strength. It allows the Clippers’ to run their free-flowing, fast up-tempo offense at a peek level. Without Jordan the offense and defense would function at much more inefficient level. The only knock on Jordan’s game is his inability to convert at the free-throw line. He’s among the worst free-throw shooters in NBA history, but even so, Jordan’s value should not be overlooked. He’s just as important to the Clippers as ChrisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Vs. Othello1006 Words   |  5 Pages 12/12/2014 Macbeth vs. Othello Ancient Greeks believed that a tragic hero must be admirable but flawed, someone the audience can sympathize with, and someone capable of good and evil. The main character must also have a doctrine of free will, in which they are able to redeem themselves, but they continue to fall freely in a downward spiral from a position of superiority. The audience must also be able to see themselves acting in the same way, and the protagonist’s suffering mustRead MoreHistory of Baseball1338 Words   |  6 Pagesgame that last for nine innings. Baseball is played on a diamond shaped field that has four bases, (First Base), (Second Base), (Third Base), (Home Plate). Baseball was founded in 1749, it was known as Bass-Ball, it was founded by David Block. Modern day baseball was founded in 1845 by Alexander Cartwright. This sport has been played for over 100 years and is still played today, it takes very talented baseball players to make it to the MLB. Baseball today consist of 162 games over a six month period

Drama terroism Essay Example For Students

Drama terroism Essay My sister and me had just saved enough money to go on holiday to Bournemouth, after going off drugs  4: We were so looking forward to it. I had packed all my stuff!  We were going to stay in 4 star accommodations with a beautiful view of the ocean. We were going to ride donkeys and maybe a horse and carriage thingy.  5: No darling thats Blackpool. We were going to eat like royalty there.  4: Yer, Harry Ramsay fishnchips! 5: We could of become millionaires, won the jackpot and stay there forever!  4: Yer, I wish we could have been just that 1-minute late. Then we just might have.  5: Sorry were rambling on lets just show you what happened.  4: Yes, lets.  5: We were carrying our cases onto the train.  4: We couldnt wait!  5: Yes, well SHE couldnt. Anyway we got a seat and table and opened up our picnic.  4: Strawberry Jaw sandwiches and sausage rolls!  5: (Nudges her) Shut up, girl! Any way a suspicious women came on the Virgin train, she wore a black veil for starters, you could only see a little part of her face, she was on her own too.  4: So suspicious!  (5 glares at her) What!  5: A young women soon joined us by herself, and another women with a bloke in a suit.  4: He was lovely!  (5 pulls face as if she is disgusted by the remark)  5: Thats when it started to go wrong. The women in a veil started shaking, the women and man went up to her to see what was wrong and then,  4: (Interrupts) Bang! (Expresses with body)  5: Yes, bang indeed. After that we died. 4: Yes, well now go away I have a date with that guy in a suit.  1: Heres our story.  2: Now I know what youre thinking. Me and him, no, no. (Looks at him) Not happening babe. We were on the train together because we were going to a meeting down south.  1: And of course SHE didnt want to be late so we got the early train there.  2: Look. I didnt know there was a bomber on the train.  1: Yes but didnt ya think the women looked suspicious.  2: I thought that was Mira!  1: Who? 2: Mira, you know Mira. She works in your department. Coffee?  1: Oh yeah! What would she be doing there?  2: She was going on holiday.  1: Oh yeah!  (Looks away angerly, 1 turns away and starts flirting with 4)  2: Will you please stop doing that its really annoying?  Nicola shouts cuie  (Claps loudly) Pay attention!  1: Yes, well, the women started shaking. She didnt look to good a bit pale.  2: How could you tell she was wearing a veil?  1: (Ignores her) We thought she might be hurt or sick or something so we thought it would be best to ask her if she needed help, you would do the same, wouldnt you? 2: No I wouldnt, if I knew I would have been running around screaming like mad.  1: Such a girl.  2: I am a girl. Nevertheless we went over and I asked her what was wrong then he saw the bomb. She muttered something quietly, HE tried to grab the bomb of her.  1: She then got startled by him and Bang the Bomb went off.  2: I didnt think she meant to do it though. Not that minute.  1: No I it was my fault I scared her, but theres probably someone who drove her to it.  2: Hello. (Depressed, very timid) Well I guess you want to know what happened then. Well its like this, I was taken off the streets, while I was out with my friends on a night out. I was told that they had my parent hostage and they would kill them if I didnt do this awful thing. They had a video of them crying, and that was enough prove of me that the thing was real. So I tried to get on the earliest train there. But they didnt let me out of there till sometime near 9. And the bomb was already set to go off in 20 minutes. (Points at people) What would you of done! Or you, or you, or any of you? Oh well, I thought you wouldnt think much. (Sighs and walks away) .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 , .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .postImageUrl , .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 , .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:hover , .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:visited , .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:active { border:0!important; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:active , .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2 .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub92ee5a8765b3e8e6927aabe5756b3e2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Do public and private affairs between the two families in Romeo and Juliet count as separate or as one unit in society Essay3: I was a paramedic who was on the train going to work. I was suspicious on anyone having a bomb in the train, especially after 9/11. As, I was just being dropped off at the next station. I heard an almighty bang, which I banged my hand on the table and I felt glass in my forehead. I saw the people around, same with arms or legs, that were surreal and fake that I was there helping all the injured, and some who died in my arms. I felt alone and upset. I was trapped what was I to do?

The Not so Easily Attained American Dream free essay sample

But this is untrue, there are many Americans unhappy with their job and cannot do anything about it. The American dream that is wanted by immigrants and current citizens is an American lie. The American dream comes in many different shapes and sizes. In my opinion, the American dream is attaining a career which a person enjoys, and has a salary which places him in middle to upper class. In the story Ragged Dick by Horopito Alger, Dick is able to obtain the American dream . In the story Ragged Dick is a shoe shiner who has some money saved up and is able to go on a trip with his business partner.While on this journey Dick encounters a man and his son who are on a boat with him. The young boy falls off the boat ND into the water. Dick is an excellent swimmer and is able to jump into the water to save him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Not so Easily Attained American Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dick being an excellent swimmer is able to hold the boy up but still isnt able to make it back to the boat. Just in the nick of time another boat comes by and is able to grab dick and the boy. The father of the boy rewards Dick with new clothes and a lucrative job opportunity.This story is a perfect example of the American dream, is in no way possible for every American. Auricle De Lee Perez is one example of an immigrant who came to America looking for the American dream. Auricle is a middle aged woman of Latin cent with two kids and belongs to low class America. She came from cube 10 years ago with nothing but a high school education and Spanish as her only tongue. When Auricle was a child her parents spoke of America as a land of dreams and opportunity. She soon realized that dreams were not easily accomplished in America.Horopito lagers story reads As Dick, with a balance of more than a hundred dollars in the saving bank, might fairly consider himself a young man of property, he thought himself justified in occasionally taking a half holiday from business, and going on an excursion (Alger 265). This means that Dick as already accumulated wealth in his life giving him the ability to take time off of work to go on an excursion-The American dream is supposed to be the idea of going from nothing to something, not from something to even more.This implies that to become successful one must already have wealth from a previous time in their life. Auricle is a poor immigrant from Cuba. She has no money to bring with her to America. In fact the reason she is coming to America is to create wealth for her and her children. She does not have the luxury of being able to leave home for an unknown period of time with no income to go on an excursion. If the American dream is equally achievable for everyone, why is it that money must be saved to be able to have a chance of getting a high paying job?In the Ragged Dick story, Dick conveniently was an expert swimmer. The story reads Now dick was an expert swimmer. It was an accomplishment which he had possessed for years, and he no sooner saw the boy fall than he resolved to rescue him. (Alger 265). This means that dick had a useful skill that was needed at that certain point in time. If he had not known how to swim he would not have had the opportunity to meet the man who would later give him the job. Dicks American dream would not have come true if he Were not at the right place at the right time.Auricle has no skill as useful as Dicks swimming ability. Auricle stated l cant swim. Do have some skills but I have been in the United States for many years and none of the skill I know have helped me to better my work life. (De Lee Perez) The only reason Dick was able to fulfill his American dream was because he had the ability to swim. But the American dream is supposed to be for anyone and everyone. There is no disclaimer which states you must have a useful skill such as swimming to be eligible for the American dream. If the American dream was attainable there would be more middle and upper class Americans.When Auricle lived in Cuba, she ate a balanced meal. She was able to stay in shape and exercised regularly. When she arrived in America she learned that everyone was in a hurry all the time. She did not have time to diet and exercise because she had two kids to take care of. Auricle did not have time to cook healthy meals for herself and her children, she was forced to buy fast food not only because it was fast but it is also very cheap. This decline in her health caused her to become overweight. Dick lived in a time when people ere not in such a hurry.If he lived in todays society he would have been less likely to be in shape, thus prohibiting him from saving the child in the water. Auricle would not be able to save the child either because she is now over weight and cannot swim for long periods of time. Auricle being overweight is another factor prohibiting her from attaining the American dream. Physical fitness is another unspoken requirement for the American dream. Education is another unspoken prerequisite required by the American lie. Ragged Dick not only is an Selfish speaking white male, but he has also had a roper education.Horopito Alger wrote it should be added that Dicks peculiar way of speaking and use of slang terms had been somewhat modified by his education and his intimacy with Henry Fossils (Alger) Dick knows when it is appropriate to use slang and when he should use a more proper English. He was also ballot to read and write. Mr.. Rockwell, the father of the boy Dick saved, asked Dick to write his name on a piece of paper. When Mr. . Rockwell saw that dick was able to write well, he went on to ask dice How would you like to enter my accounting room as clerk, Richard? Dick was about to say Bully, when he recollected himself, and answered, Very much . (Alger 268). If Dick had not been educated he would not have been able to write his name for Mr.. Rockwell. Mr. . Rockwell probably would have given him a cash reward of some kind and let him be on his way. Education was the key role in this scenario. It unlocked the door for Dicks new career and lifestyle. Education is one thing many immigrants such as Auricle do not have when coming to America. Auricle stated l dont have a lot of education. I taught myself to speak English but it is hard for me to read and understand the language. Therefore education is another unspoken prerequisite for the American dream. Therefore the American dream that so many are so adamant about achieving is only attainable if wealth, education, and luck are gained. Immigrants coming to America and current citizens must see that the American dream is not equally attainable. There are many unspoken items that are needed before one can accomplish the American dream. The idea Of the American dream may have once been true, but with so many businesses in this country, and so many businessmen to work these jobs, it makes all qualifications have to be much greater to be able to receive these jobs.

The great mosque of Cordoba or Mezquita

Introduction As mentioned earlier, the Cordoba mosque, also known as Mezquita, stands tall as a representative of the medieval Islamic civilization located in Spain. It is believed that the ground breaking of the mosque began in the Sixth Century AD as a Christian Visigothic church. The Mosque was, however, completed much later, in the year 987 AD, and shared for use between the Muslims and the Christians.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The great mosque of Cordoba or Mezquita specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Beginning 784 AD, an Islamist prince called Abd ar-Rahman, acquired the structure from the Christian fraternity and began refurbishing it as a Muslim worship centre. The mosque underwent a lot of †structural changes and interior design repair† (Savory 1976). This was meant to fit the mosque into the â€Å"Islamic design†. The purchase of the cathedral by the Muslims also meant tha t it would be refurbished to â€Å"rid it of the â€Å"Christian characteristics†(Ching and Prakash 2011). The magnificent building is outstanding with the huge arches and numerous columns that exceed 1,000 in number (Savory 1976). The columns consist of various valuable stones such as Jasper, Onyx and marble that have been artistically modelled to provide the artistic countenance that the mosque has. The mosque had a turbulent moment in the year 1236 when it was captured from the moors and used again by the Christian fraternity by King Ferdinand three. The proceeding kings that followed later redesigned the mosque according to the Christian beliefs and design (Ching and Prakash). Initial design During the re-designation period of the mosque, the most outstanding and notable reconstruction activity involved the construction of the Reconnaissance cathedral in the middle of the structure, courtesy of a Spanish king Carlos who was a Christian by then (Savory 1976). The Mezquit a, or the Cordoba, mosque had different measurement during the initial construction. In terms of the area, it measured a total of 73m square. Out of this area, half was a forecourt (Trachterberg 2002). Later, during the reconstruction periods, there was a need to enlarge the total area and this led to the addition of an extra 65 square miles making the total area to stand at 138 square miles. During the first construction, the worshipping hall increased two folds at the end of the 9th century and the length widened to a total length of approximately 138m. Proceeding kings that followed later redesigned the mosque according to the Christian beliefs and design (Trachterberg 2002).Advertising Looking for research paper on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Design Structure of the Mosque Arches The arches, throughout the structure, have a common shape that is referred to as â€Å"the horse shoe form† (Savory 197 6). This style is described as being very predominant with the architectural design of the Visigoths, i.e. the inhabitants of the area where the mosque is situated before the arrival of the Islamic population called the Umyyads from North Africa (Ching and Prakash). The horse shoe form was assumed to be very strong and durable by the medieval architectures other than the fact that they offered very flowery aesthetic finishing, when used in various structures and buildings, all the arches within the cathedral are oriented towards the horse shoe design template borrowed from the Visigoths. The dome The dome is located right above the mihrab or the maqrub. It depicts a large structure, of course dome shaped as the name suggests, but carries with itself numerous artistic drawings and calligraphy on the inside. The dome was constructed through an act of crisscrossing those components that form the pointed arches in the building. In the mosque, they are largely decorated in pure gold in a more or less radial and regular pattern (Ching and Prakash). The dome was constructed during the construction of the cathedral and historians argue that during the construction of this dome, a total number of sixteen columns were demolished and ejected from the main prayer hall to allow a space for the erection of both the cathedral and the dome. Simultaneously, the cathedral construction was purely based on the early Christian architectural designs. One can easily feel and see the outstanding cocktail of both Christian and Islamic designs standing side by side to depict the history of civilisation of these two contrasting yet marvellous designs. It is important to note the structure of the double arches that have been used in the building. These greatly assist in the support of the immense weight that the ceilings high above insert on the columns and further prevents the roof from falling off. These arches were conveniently designed with a lower horse shoe arch and an upper semi -circular arch whose role is to offer adequate base for the support of these arches (Ching and Prakash 2011). The arches along the passages of the mosque consist of several layered segments that run in lines which consist of red bricks and white stones piled in an alternating manner, thus, creating a spectacular pattern of stripes along the arcade, the space is large enough to permit visibility across the arcade (Ching and Prakash 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The great mosque of Cordoba or Mezquita specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More General Dimension The Mosque is approximated to measure a total of six hundred and twenty feet ft in length across the North-South orientation (Trachterberg 2002). In terms of the breadth, from the West to the East cardinal points, the mosque measures a total length of four hundred and forty feet. The shape of the mosque is considered to be rectangular inferring that it has four sides and four angles in general. Historians have always argued that the mosque initially had a total of twenty one doors when it was originally constructed. However, the number has so far reduced to only five following various reconstruction procedures by the Christians when they took it over from the Muslims. External dimension Two hundred and ten feet out of the total length from South to North, a court was effectively erected and a modern gate installed for accessory purpose. Nineteen aisles that measure three hundred and fifty feet in length by fourteen in breadth ran parallel from the Northern portion to the Southern end through the interior building that forms the central structure (Ching and Prakash 2011). The aisles have a large number of columns with a spectacular arrangement Elevation of the Mosque Each of the four fronts of the structure presents a perfectly designed wall that is crowned with crenulations all through. There is a varying difference between ea ch of these fronts in terms of their heights and decorations. Each arch presents a beautiful and well curve horse shoe form that effectively makes a reference of the widely used Moorish architecture through which the whole building is set upon Interior Design Columns The columns in the mosque presently stand at a total of eight hundred and fifty and are made out of granite and jasper together with other precious rocks. Columns display myriad splendid colours. The unique scenery formed by this creativity has been described as â€Å"majestic† by some historians (Ching and Prakash 2011). These columns have an equivalent length which stands at nine feet from the base. The shaft too, of the existing columns, reflects equivalency in terms of the size and measures approximately seventeen inches in terms of the diameter. The Chapiters on the other hand, support the arches that emanate from one column to the other where they perfectly form a horse shoe form (Ching and Prakash 2011). The beams of the mosque are extremely huge in diameter for the sole reason of offering support to the structure. The beams are numerous in number and the cross beams have been well decorated with paint to provide the aesthetic magnificent sight they possess (Ching and Prakash 2011). One of the most stunning features of the mosque is the maqsura or rather the prayer space for the ruler (Trachterberg 2002). This space was specifically preserved for the King. It was personally commissioned by the caliph himself in the 12th century. Advertising Looking for research paper on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The space is separated from the rest of the prayer section by alternating arcades that possess several lobes that offer a distinctive horse shoe form. It was then decorated using marble that were well curved together with various other precious stones like the stucco and the mosaics too (Ching and Prakash 2011) The Mihrab The interior portion of the mosque is the house of the Maqsura which is, perhaps, one of the landmark features in any Islamic worshiping centre. The Mihrab refers to a designated area on the wall of a mosque that is used to depict the direction Makka, the holy city of Islam (Trachterberg 2002). By the use of a horse shoe form arch, the architecture adorned the Mihrab in the mosque using some of the most precious gems and metals. The mihrabb is encapsulated it in a more or less rectangular frame that house numerous verses that have been keenly selected from the Muslim holy book of Koran. The writings used are indeed very artistic and clearly pointing out to the ori gin and development of the Islamic calligraphy. One can never miss the great manifest of the Islamic art at every point of the building either within the structure, or outside the structure (Trachterberg 2002). The choir loft in the cathedral is coated with wood carvings that offer it a magnificent finish. The space around the loft has overleaped ceilings together with large domes that rise above the main altar. There exists an open and easy to see difference between the chapels of the cathedral and the normal conventional chapels. The cathedral chapels are not situated around the major cathedral area but rather, the chapels occupy the area around the primary cathedral area (Trachterberg 2002). There has been a raging debate though on the reason as to why the mihrab is not facing Makka, the Islamic holy city,yet, conventionally, all the mosques belonging to the Muslim worshippers have erected the mihrab facing Makka. Now, various historians have put forth their arguments on the same but the most agreeable version is that the initial inhabitants of the structure were not Muslims and during the construction of the structure, there were no intentions of using it as a mosque in the future. This argument is very valid and easily accepted since the presence of any Muslim during the construction would have led to the proper orientation of the Mihrab towards their holy city, Mekka. All in all, it is a popular version of the story that the Muslims acquired the structure after its full construction but yet did a few modifications to fit it into the Muslim definition of a â€Å"worship place† The hypostyle hall This is the most spacious area within the Mosque (Ching and Prakash 2011). The hall is essentially filled with numerous columns that support the huge roof above it. It is called the hypostyle hall to refer to the large number of columns that stand regularly arranged around the hall (Ching and Prakash 2011). This large and expansive prayer hall appears unu sually very wide due to the mirage formed by the presence of repeated geometry, an aspect of gothic design that was essentially meant for decorative purpose and also to instil support in different structures. The repeated geometry has been widely applied in the decoration of the prayer hall. The hall is believed to have been constructed using refurbished columns that were excavated from the Roman structures (Ching and Prakash 2011). The columns are modified into a combination of two symmetrical horse shoe form arches that are formed from red brick and the stones. This distinct the arches out as well decorated and adorned to radiate immense beauty and magnificence. The Roofing The roofing of the structure was skilfully done to accommodate the large columns of the structure (Trachterberg 2002). The roof is artistically done using selected species of cedar together with pine wood. These are some of the strongest species of timber known and are conceived to remain unaffected by seasons or insects for the longest time possible. The timber is â€Å"sandwiched† with lead in a fine precision that brings out the artistry applied. Exterior view The external walls are fortified with utmost ingenuity depicting the strength of the structure. The walls are intermittently supported by buttresses which make it appear like a legion of towers (Trachterberg 2002). Below the bell tower, lies a courtyard with orange trees together with a fountain that is specifically used for lavation purposes. Cathedral The cathedral is located right in the middle of the mosque. This cathedral was constructed after the Christians acquired the structure from the Muslim believers during the reign of king Carlos of Spain. It is postulated that the cathedral must have been constructed in the sixteenth century. To the left hand side of this cathedral lies the Capilla de Villacios building that was constructed by the Moorish craftsmen earlier by King Alfonso. The Cathedral boasts of a gothic ar chitectural style that was introduced by an archictect Hernan Ruiz who worked on the structure transforming it into a gothic design which essentially refers to an architectural design of the medieval era. The bell tower The bell tower is perhaps the longest structure in the whole building. It was never part of the original building when it was still inhabited by the Muslims. However, during the reign of King Carlos and the restructuring period, the Architects designed a long tower for the purpose of erecting the bell. The tower is approximated to be ninety three metres in height and is constructed together with winding stairs that leads up to the top. The bell tower is referred to as the Torre de Alminar. From the bell tower, it is possible to have a view of the whole mosque aerially. The mosque has a total tally of three gates that are all designed using different architectural designs for accessory purposes. Conclusion The mosque describes the artistry and displays some of the ch aracteristics of Islamic civilisation. The design represents one of the last remaining representatives of the Moorish architecture. The paper has sought to highlight the outstanding features of this design and relate it to Islamic civilisation (Trachterberg 2002). The antique appearance of the structure has helped to unfold various historical issues in as far as the ancient civilisation is concerned. The structure has, in itself, revealed numerous historical facts and phenomenon that has opened up debate for critical study of the architecture of the prehistoric era, it is my submission therefore that this paper has adequately helped tie the ends by exploring these historical phenomena The mosque has had a fair share of its challenges since the Christians took over from the Muslim users. A number of violent episodes have been witnessed where some radical Islamic groups has invariantly attacked and injured several other Christian worshippers in their demand to repossess the mosque, or worship in turns with the Christians. The Spanish Muslims have been lobbying the Spanish Catholics to allow them use the cathedral, however, this has been severally rejected by the Vatican city and the Spanish Catholic administrators. This was followed by violence by a few Muslim tourists who assaulted the guards at the cathedral. References Ching, Frank, Mark Jarzombek, and Prakash Vikramaditya. A global history of architecture. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011. Print. Savory, Roger. Introduction to Islamic civilisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Print. Trachtenberg, Arvin, Hyman. Architecture: From Prehistory to Post modernity, 2nd edition, Pearson; 2002. Print. This research paper on The great mosque of Cordoba or Mezquita was written and submitted by user Joaquin Leon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Conjugation of the Spanish Verb Saber

Conjugation of the Spanish Verb Saber Saber, a common Spanish verb usually meaning to know in the sense of having knowledge, is highly irregular. Both the stem and the endings can take unexpected forms. Saber should not be confused with conocer, which also means to know, but in the sense of being familiar with a person. Conocer also is conjugated irregularly Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Pronouns are shown for convenience and clarity; they often are omitted in everyday speech and writing. Infinitive of Saber saber (to know) Gerund of Saber sabiendo (knowing) Participle of Saber sabido (known) Present indicative of Saber sà © (I know), tà º sabes (you know), usted/à ©l/ella sabe (you know, he/she knows), nosotros/as sabemos (we know), vosotros/as sabà ©is (you know), ustedes/ellos/ellas saben (you/they know) Preterite Indicative of Saber yo supe (I knew), tà º supiste (you knew), usted/à ©l/ella supo (you, he/she knew), nosotros/as supimos (we knew), vosotros/as supisteis (you knew), ustedes/ellos/ellas supieron (they knew) Imperfect Indicative of Saber yo sabà ­a (I knew), tà º sabà ­as (you knew), usted/à ©l/ella sabà ­a (you/he/she knew), nosotros/as sabà ­amos (we knew), vosotros/as sabà ­ais (you knew), ustedes/ellos/ellas sabà ­an (you/they knew) Future Indicative of Saber yo sabrà © (I will know), tà º sabrs (you will know), usted/à ©l/ella sabr (you/he/she will know), nosotros/as sabremos (we will know), vosotros/as sabrà ©is (you will know), ustedes/ellos/ellas sabrn (they will know) Conditional of Saber yo sabrà ­a (I would know), tà º sabrà ­as (you would know), usted/à ©l/ella sabrà ­a (you/he/she would know), nosotros/as sabrà ­amos (we would know), vosotros/as sabrà ­ais (you would know), ustedes/ellos/ellas sabrà ­an (you/they would know) Present Subjunctive of Saber que yo sepa (that I know), que tà º sepas (that you know), que usted/à ©l/ella sepa (that you/he/she know), que nosotros/as sepamos (that we know), que vosotros/as sepis (that you know), que ustedes/ellos/ellas sepan (that you/they know) Imperfect Subjunctive of Saber que yo supiera/supiese (that I knew), que tà º supieras/supieses (that you knew), que usted/à ©l/ella supiera/supiese (that you/he/she knew), que nosotros/as supià ©ramos/supià ©semos (that we knew), que vosotros/as supierais/supieseis (that you knew), que ustedes/ellos/ellas supieran/supiesen (that you/they knew) Imperative of Saber sabe tà º (know), no sepas tà º (dont know), sepa usted (know), sepamos nosotros/as (let us know), sabed vosotros/as (know), no sepis vosotros/as (dont know), sepan ustedes (know) Present Perfect Indicative of Saber yo he sabido, tà º has sabido, usted/à ©l/ella ha sabido, nosotros/as hemos sabido, vosotros habà ©is sabido, ustedes/ellos/ellas han sabido (I have known, you have known, she has known, etc.) Pluperfect (Past Perfect Indicative of Saber) yo habà ­a sabido, tà º habà ­a sabido, usted/à ©l/ella habà ­a sabido, nosotros/as habà ­amos sabido, vosotros habà ­ais sabido, ustedes/ellos/ellas habà ­an sabido (that I had known, that you had known, that he had known, etc.) Future Perfect Indicative of Saber yo habrà © sabido, tà º habrs sabido, usted/à ©l/ella habr sabido, nosotros/as habremos sabido, vosotros habrà ©is sabido, ustedes/ellos/ellas habrn sabido (I will have known, you will have known, she will have known, etc.) Present Perfect Subjunctive of Saber yo haya sabido, tà º hayas sabido, usted/à ©l/ella haya sabido, nosotros/as hayamos sabido, vosotros hayis sabido, ustedes/ellos/ellas hayan sabido (that I have known, that you have known, that he has known, etc.) Past Perfect Subjunctive of Saber yo hubiera/hubiese sabido, tà º hubieras/hubieses sabido, usted/à ©l/ella hubiera/hubieses sabido, nosotros/as hubià ©ramos/hubià ©semos sabido, vosotros hubierais/hubieseis sabido, ustedes/ellos/ellas hubieran/hubiesen sabido (that I had known, that you had known, that she had known, etc.) Conditional Perfect of Saber yo habrà ­a sabido, tà º habrà ­as sabido, usted/à ©l/ella habrà ­a sabido, nosotros/as habrà ­amos sabido, vosotros habrà ­ais sabido, ustedes/ellos/ellas habrà ­an sabido (I would have known, you would have known, he would have known, etc.) Progressive Tenses of Saber The many  progressive  tenses use the appropriate form  estar  followed by the  gerund,  sabiendo. It is not common, however, to use saber in a progressive form. Sample Sentences Using Forms of Saber Quiero saber lo que piensas. (I want to know what youre thinking. Infinitive.) No sà © que hacer. (I dont know what to do. Present tense.)  ¿Cuntos aà ±os tenà ­as cuando supiste la siguiente informacià ³n? (How old were you when you learned the following information? Note that in the preterite tense, which is used here, conocer often means to learn or to come to know.) Estbamos sorprendidos porque no sabà ­amos lo que habà ­a pasado. (We were surprised because we didnt know what had happened.) Hemos sabido por mucho tiempo que el ser humano posee el poder transformar la Tierra en formas a la vez terribles y majestuosas. (We have known for a long time that the human being has the power to transform the Earth in ways both terrible and majestic at the same time. Present perfect.) Sin muchos consejos, no sabrà ­amos lo que debemos estudiar. (Without a lot of advice, we wouldnt know what we should study.) Cuando veas las fotos, sabrs la verdad. (When you see the photos, you will know the truth. Future.) No me importa que Roxana sepa que soy su benefactor. (It doesnt matter that Roxana knows Im her benefactor. Present subjunctive.) Podrà ­a estar roto por semanas y no lo habrà ­an sabido. (It could be broken for weeks and they would not have known. Conditional perfect.)

Discuss how Market-Led Strategies can Help Business to Drive Growth Essay

Discuss how Market-Led Strategies can Help Business to Drive Growth and Sustain Competitive Advantage - Essay Example Every business company is constituted by the large number of departments pertaining to marketing, finance, operations, human resources and the like. Again the business company in order to exist in the region or stated market need to operate based on some clear-cut objectives. The objectives of the business in total are required to match the objectives of the different departments or business units operating in the particular company. Thus the different business units are departments are required to operate and work out their policies in such a manner as to help in meeting the objectives of the concern as a whole. Hence if the business leader of the company focuses on devising strategies that would help in gaining a larger market share and profitability growth the work of the production, finance, marketing and operation departments needs to be streamlined in such direction also. Thereby it is found that effective orientation of the business policies of each of the several departments or business units would help the company to achieve its stated objectives (Graham, H., 2008, p8). Use of Market Led Strategy in Different Businesses Market United States Market Harrah’s Entertainment is a United States based company operating in the Casino Game sector. The company is found to operate on a business strategy that focuses on the changing demands of the consumers in the market. Harrah’s Entertainment that operates based on a set of 26 casinos spread around 13 states is found to take resort of a customer loyalty program help gain the advantage of a niche consumer base. A through market research was conducted by the company to help gain information about potential consumer needs in order to design the loyalty program accordingly. The business through the devising of its customer loyalty program gained the potential of both business growth and profitability where only around 26 percent of the consumers contributed to 82 percent of its total business revenues (Cravens, D.W. and Piercy, H.F., 2006, p.133). European Market In regards to the European market the case of Toyota can be traced where the company during the 1990s was facing heavy downturn owing to its sedentary and dull image. The company focused on its competitor, Volkswagen decided of

Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Description - Essay Example The trip started out smoothly and nobody felt even a tinge of tiredness. On the way to the Big Bear, we halted at Seven Eleven to grab some energy drinks and continued our trip singing out loudly. The freeway that led us to the mountain was nearly empty and the view was enchanting. We were surrounded by nature with both sides of the freeway covered with mountains and trees. As we neared the mountain, I noticed a sign board that read, â€Å"Snow Chains required beyond this point† and Highway Patrols were blocking the entrance of the mountain. Upon enquiry, they told us that as it had snowed all night the road ahead was covered with snow and ice and that we would require tire chains to move ahead. On hearing this, however, our excitement did not wean and we drove back to the city below the mountains and bought some tire chains. We then pulled over just before the blockade, to put on the chains. The weather outside was freezing cold as we got out of the car which was a black two- door coupe model with a long hood, a short trunk and big tires. I had previously encountered problems with the tires as they had a tendency to slip when the ground was wet. But now I was not worried as the snow chains looked powerful and reliable, though it was quite a challenge to fix them. After struggling with the chains for about 30 minutes, my hands began to feel cold and sensitive due to the freezing weather. The effort was in vain and we finally engaged a mechanic to fix the chains and paid him $50 for the job. Another problem also lay ahead as I had never driven on icy roads. Though I took pride in my driving skills I was a bit apprehensive at that moment. As I resumed driving, the mountain road seemed fine from where the Highway Patrols stopped us, but once we reached the first curve, the true reality of the situation dawned on us. The road ahead was completely snow covered with only a few sections of the road visible. There were curves once after every 300 feet with

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Homeostasis - Essay Example The failure of the organs to excrete waste products is very detrimental to the health of a person and could possibly lead to death. Diseases are likewise outcomes of this failure. There are natural bodily processes like Osmoregulation which creates balance thus preventing the occurrence of diseases relating to the excretory organs. There are also man-made treatments to combat the negative effects of the malfunction of the excretory systems like Dialysis for severe kidney diseases. We shall concentrate on the two excretory organs: the kidneys as a component of the urinary system and the skin as a regulator of temperature. In the course of the discussion of the structures and functions of the urinary system and the skin, the effects of the failure of these systems will be tackled. The terms Osmoregulation and Dialysis will likewise be elaborated and explained. The urinary system has four major components: the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. The main organs of the urinary system are the kidneys. The kidneys with its functional components called nephrons, form the urine. The process begins during blood circulation. Blood contains Urea, which is produced when protein-rich foods are broken down. Blood through the bloodstream travels through the kidneys and deposits the urea there along with water and other waste matters. This results to the formation of urine. The ureters are small tubes where urine passes through going to the bladder. Urine is then stored in the urinary bladder. The bladder sends information if there is a need for urination when the bladder is filled up. The contractions of the muscles in the bladder release the urine into a tube called urethra. The urethra is the last passageway which allows the body to release urine or to undergo the process of urination. The primary function of the urinary system is to get rid of waste products in the body resulting from cellular metabolism. This function preserves the normal composition and volume of body fluids. Aside from maintaining the appropriate amount of water in the body, the urinary system also has other functions. It sustains the normal pH of the blood and helps in managing the proper production of red blood cells by secreting the erythropoietin hormone. By producing the renin enzyme, the urinary system likewise helps in the maintenance of normal blood pressure. What will happen if the major components of the urinary system fail It will lead to major health problems. Diseases or disorders resulting from the urinary system failure include Kidney Stones which vary in size and may cause little or great pain, and Renal Failure of the kidneys which is a result of the kidneys not being able to properly and completely remove waste products from the blood. In this case, the kidneys are also not able to regulate the chemicals and water in the body. Other disorders are the Urinary Tract Infections which are caused by urinary tract bacteria, Urinary Incontinence, or the inability to control the bladder in releasing urine, and Urinary Retention, or problems in emptying the bladder (Your Urinary System and How It

Does Fast Food Cause Obesity?

Does Fast Food Cause Obesity? Fast Food Cause Obesity The United States is a free country where we are allowed to choose and pick whatever restaurants we eat at, order at those restaurants, type of food we purchase at the grocery store, etc.Twenty percent of children in US are considered overweight or obese at age 11. It has various severe enduring effects for your health, and it is a important cause of preventable deaths in the USA. Obesity can lead to high blood pressure diabetes, and heart disease if left untreated. Even though we are living in a nation with technological advancement and great economic power we have negligible quantity of realistic nutritional facts. Currently we are existing in a territory which is plagued with obesity. Evidently, there are more than a few diverse reasons for our countrys lofty percentage of obese inhabitants. Several just dont make out how to eat healthy, which can be tougher than supposed, or might not have the time to sit down to a healthy food. Or just discover it simpler to collect something co ming home from work or school than cook. Most people today do not take out time to exercise nor do they eat healthy foods. In these days society people consume fast food further than 3 times a day. Fast food has been illustrated as food which is made in rush for people who do not have time for proper meal times. These foods are extremely trendy with the working people and students in view of the fact that they do not have sufficient time to sit and get pleasure from a complete meal course. Fast food comprises of the burgers and fries. These kinds of foods are typically made in hurry to meet the growing demand particularly throughout the rush hours. The recognition of this kind of food is hang on the reality that they are for all time ready and can be taken in a short notice as in opposition to the complete meal course where one has to set an order in advance. The total of fast food restaurants since 1990, in industry have raised in doubled, which connects to about 200,000 organizations in the USA. Surprisingly, 30 % of the population of U.S. is influenced by obesity and 15 % of kids and adolescents are as well affected. Thus there is a connection among fast food and obesity?[ Brownell, Kelly] Fast food is at the present served up at every restaurants and drive-through. The entire experience of buying fast food has turn out to be so routine, so methodically unexceptional and ordinary, that it is at the present taken for granted, like cleaning your teeth. It has turn out to be a social custom as American as a little, rectangular, hand-held, freezing, and heated apple pie. On any specified day in the United States with reference to one-quarter of the adult population stopovers a fast food restaurant. When we listen in the name of McDonald, KFC’s, Pizza Hut the water appears in our mouth as it meet all our taste prerequisites at a low down price. The fast food which is prepared from these companies is serve up commercially, which takes simply a only some seconds to accumulate, is appetizing and affordable. Other than while eating this delicious food, have we think regarding the nutritional compromises, this food include a huge amount of fats and oils, carbohydrates which can source a larger risk of hypertension, diabetes, create person fluffy and also source of cancer heart attack. Eating fast food in huge amount constructs poison in the body. So, in additional words we can state that we are procuring poison in the structure of fast food.[ Schlosser, Eric,] The majority of our towns and cities have chains of fast food located on each corner and at the similar time our newpapers, television, and radio stations are packed with commercials alluring us to trial the diverse products in proffer in these establishments. It is valued to be noted that the majority of these ads are typically directed in the direction of kids and adolescents validating the grounds why obesity amongst these groups has been on the ascend. Research which have been executed in diverse cities in America have establish out that the majority of the joints of fast food are expediently located close to colleges, schools, and offices. In a research which was carried out by National Bureau of Economic Research it was establish that school kids whose classes were merely a few blocks away from an outlet of fast food were additional expected to endure from obesity as evaluated to those whose school was only mile away from the fast food outlet. The study establish out that the overweight and obesity rate amongst these kids was 5% superior amongst those whose schools were close to fast food outlets in contrast to those students whose schools were in areas which were far away from the fast food outlets which sold this kind of food (Rabin, R 2009) Studies has establish that those families which prefer the fast food as their foremost meal for additional than 3 times in one week are at an extremely lofty hazard of developing obesity. In terms of medical, obesity has been explained as a concern of public health which is putting a lot of people at hazard of developing impediments which might direct to early on death. Obesitymeans an excess amount of body fat. If a persons body mass is no less than 20% higher than what it be supposed to be, he or she is usually deemed as obese. If persons Body Mass Index (BMI) is between 25 and 29.9 he or she is considered as an overweight. If a persons BMI is 30 or over he or she is considered as obese. Obesity has been influencing a lot of the people of American on an unconstructive scale. If prospective on how to fight this battle is changed, we will carry on to lose. Pediatricians, Parents, and even political leaders and Government are focused on promoting healthy weight in kids because obesity is becoming a huge epidemic in the United States. The fast foods are loaded in energy giving foods constructing them superior cause for weight gain amongst individuals who eat this kind of food. They are additional overloaded fats and sugars to construct them tempting to the customers, these 2 nutrients have superior calories rate as compared to additional kind of food. The reality that they are inveigled and sweetened with sugar and fats constructs the consumer to consume in huge quantities to satisfy their urge. They are as well identified to eat regularly in bits such that they do not acquire any further meal aside from these foods. This disallow them a prospect to provide their bodies with additional essential nutrients consequently being prone to obesity. Most of us do not know how much fat and grease goes into these fries and burgers and everything else, but this does not seem to usually matter to us Americans until we have reached a stage of embarrassment of, obese weight from eating our favorite fast food way too many times a week. The United States is a free country. Where we are allowed to choose and pick whatever restaurants we eat at, order at those restaurants, how a great deal food we purchase at the grocery shops, the type of food we acquire at the grocery store, etc.Twenty percent of children in US are considered overweight or obese at age 11. It has various serious long-term consequences for your health, and it is a important cause of preventable deaths in the USA. Perhaps from physical problems with an emotional attachment to foods, it could lead to compulsive overeating, Psychological problems like other factors in obesity that are recounted to obesity are not the sources, however are the consequences. The ‘enormou s psychological burden’ imposed by obesity on an individual ‘might be the severest outcome on obesity. Weight gain starts when you eat more calories than your body utilizes up. If the food you eat provides more calories than your body needs, the excess food is converted to fat. Fat cells initially, increase in size. They increase in number, when they can no longer expand. If one loses weight, the bulk of the fat cells lessens, excluding the numeral of cells do not. We start to finally realize when all fat and grease has made it straight to our body, and every other organ for that matter. Obesity in general runs in families which are sourced by shared lifestyle habits and diet.. Obesity can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease if left untreated. Even though we are living in a nation with technological advancement and great economic power we have smallest amount of nutritional practical facts. We are existing on a ground which is plagued with obesity. US health Policymakers are saying that aggressive action need to be taken to stem the growth of theobesityepidemic in the United States, which is effecting the nation’s health-care system, approaching many of Americans into an untimely death each year and endangering the lives of millions ofchildren, many of whom are or obese overweight before they enter kindergarten. Several local and state governments have recommended put into practice an excise tax on sugar-appeased drinks.[ Caraher M, Cowburn] Obesity can lead to a number of different health issues; one of the most popular is high blood pressure. One half of Americans aged 50-65 have high blood pressure, which is a rising risk factor for stroke and heart disease and two in five are obese according to Health, United States 2005 [Van Itallie ] High blood pressure is an rise in the blood amount your heart is pushing through the body with every heartbeat.Main apprehension for the overweight citizens of our state is the health problems that come from obesity, the heart problems type two diabetes, and the many lives are lost today because of obesity. There has been a dispute that fast foods do not source obesity to a certain extent than eating of extra calories than the body can devour is what directs to gain of weight. Individuals who hold this view dispute that environmental features for instance fast food consumption on a usual basis might direct to weight gain and eventually the peril of obesity however on the identical note such eating might not direct to weight gain. It has been mentioned that one can in point of fact lose weight when they are yet on such sort of diet. This can be made in the course of balancing the right amount of consumed calories in the day course and what the body eventually uses. If the body utilizes further than is typically consumed the individual will lose some weight. One of the attributes which one must deem in an endeavor to establish whether fast food in reality source obesity is to glance at the choices of lifestyle which may direct to this predicament. For instance people who have made it a practice to eat fast food for the superior fraction of their week devoid of engaging in additional physical activities will further expected append weight and possibly wind up being obese. Conversely it is worthy to note that eating of further type of food particularly those which are lower in fats will not for all time direct to problems of body weight. It is clearly apparent that people who eat fast food are at a larger risk of being obese than those who consume further type of food. (Seeman Neil and Patrick Luciani.2008) Fast food if taken devoid of self-control direct to disturbing effects, they construct children append weight; add to the risk of problems of cardiovascular in addition to diabetes. Obesity is one of the foremost predicaments connected with this sort of consumption. Consumption of Fast food has been illustrated by nutritional specialist as meager feeding in view of the fact that one does not acquire all the requisite nutrients and additional predominantly in the correct quantity. Fast foods are identified to be loaded in energy the majority of which is piled up in the body as fats make them hazardous for the consumers. Department of US of Health and Human Services (HHS) since 1980 has publishedHealthy Peoplereports every decade that: identify national health targets for ten years, encourage collaborations across various sectors, guide individuals toward making informed health decisions and measure the impact of prevention activity. The new aim could be achieved by diminishing calorie intake, increasing physical activity or both. These goals among other things include specific recommendations that address, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, nutritional labeling, the availability of lower-calorie children’s meals in restaurants, marketing of food and beverages to children, and) to monitor and track a child’s body-mass index and provide interventions using the electronic medical record (EMR]. By Telling someone to stop simply eating will not cure the obesity disease because it needs to be something that is in the genes of the person. By telling someone simply to exercise more will not cure the obesity disease because food can be used as an outlet for stress. There is no clean-cut cause of obese, so there will never be a clear cut solution either. Governments can as well aid reduce obesity, a lot of experts say, by providing farmers’ markets and supermarkets with incentives to offer healthier foods and institute their trades in small-income areas.[ Smed S, Jensen JD, Denver]. Many, local governments schools and hospitals around the country have implemented policies to reduce obesity by banning the sale and serving of sugary drinks, which are high in calories and have little or no nutritional value Conclusion A good solution to any health concerns would be to grow your own food in a garden in your yard. When you grow your own food, you know what’s going into the food, where it is coming from, and how fresh it is. Foods grown by you are usually the healthiest, too, because it is almost always a natural process.[ Dong D, Lin B.], Research which have been executed in the current past have established that fast food is the foremost source of obesity amongst the school going kids particularly in areas which fast food outlets are located close to schools or areas visited by this section of the population. In a few areas authorities have gone further on to limit opening up of outlets close to school to avert the children from over consuming these foods. This is one of the measures which must be reinforced to make certain that the kids to not over pamper in fast food divulging them to obesity. The masses must also be taught on the hazards of fast food, people must be persuaded to moderate their use to keep away from weight problems and additional complications connected with it. There are a variety of ways for promoting healthy weight in kids. We can resolve overeating of food issues at home and school. We can force our children to increase exercise and activity. For the majority children who are heavy or overweight, the safest and the majority efficient means to lose weight is to eat less andexerciseextra.. Make a chart this month to restrict fast food. You definitely do not have to slash it out altogether, nevertheless center on small improvements to the degree that you can. Just by setting your lunch a few days a week, you can use considerably less fat and calories. As it turns out to be easier for you, make extra changes. Steady changes can guide to an extensive healthy life. Health is more significant then taste as a result by increasing eating homemade food give assurance to our health by giving up consumption of fast food calories or fats and refined sugar and by eating fresh vegetables, fruits, milk and additional nutrient horded food in our daily diet. As a result, we have got to give up fast food and consume food which provides vitamins, fiber, minerals and additional protecting food to safeguard us in opposition to heart attack, diabetes cancers, and additional degenerative disorders..As it can be perceived that the food which is additionally fresh have more nutritional implication as the homemade food is always fresh includes no preservative or chemical and constructs us wealthy, healthy, and wise. At last the effect appears to be that fast food is in large or small quantity provides diseases simply in contrast that homemade food enhances our health. As a result, endeavor should be to expand eating homemade food as a substitute of junk fast food. References Currie,J Vigna,S Moretti,E and Pathania,V (2009) Effects of Fast Food Restaurant on Obesity accessed from http://elsa.berkeley.edu/~sdellavi/wp/fastfoodJan09.pdf on 26th August 2011 Seeman Neil and Patrick Luciani.(2008)XXL:obesity and the limits of shame, University of Toronto Press Rabin,R (2009) Proximity to Fast Food a Factor in Student Obesity, New York Times accessed from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/health/nutrition/26obese.html on 24th August 2011 Facilities Management: Definition and Scope Facilities Management: Definition and Scope There are many definitions and imprecations of the term facilities management. The British Institute for facilities Management (1996) defines it as: The practice of coordinating the physical workplace with the people and work of an organization, (It) integrates the principle of business administration, architecture and the behavioral and engineering sciences. As the overview of this definition (Figure 1.1) shows, facilities management represents broad ranging issues. Managing Facilities The overview of facilities Management Facilities Management Behavioral and engineering science The physical workspace People The work of the organization Architecture Business administration What value does facilities management has the hotels? If facilities management is about managing physical assets, it has considerable relevance to other hospitality businesses, as the property or the premises in which the hospitality is delivered, form a major part of the product package sold to customers. Customer needs could be for overnight accommodation, a meeting area or a restaurant meal. In each case, the physical assets will form an important part of the product. Some of the common elements required to produce the accommodation product are shown in figure 1.2. Guests might also require: A source of information (e.g. regarding to other amenities) Privacy Secretarial assistance Porter age Car- Parking Space Ramp Access Lifts Personal laundry service Sleeping facilities As can be seen, the physical assets are prominent. The list could go on. Whereas many of the identified needs of customers are tangible (e.g. the lift, the guestroom and the hot water) and relate to physical assets, other needs (e.g. security and feeling of well-being) are largely intangible. Since the accommodation forms a major part of product, even in small hotels, the capital outlay or revenue expenditure on the property is proportionately high compared with other businesses. In order for business to be conducted in a hotel, it is essential for at least certain of the physical assets to be actively managed. Although the term facilities management might not be used, elements of facilities management would need to be applied to hotels to achieve business success. The Accommodation product Appropriate heating lighting and ventilation Appropriate personal security Feeling of well-being Satisfactory standard of hygiene, safety, cleanliness, appearance and maintenance Provision for personal hygiene Food and beverage provision Design and dà ©cor Appropriate furniture, fittings, furnishings and equipment The development of facilities management A property based discipline Facilities management as a practice has its roots in the USA, where development took place during the 1980s. It is evolving from a property management, services and maintenance (including cleaning, caretaking, and waste disposal and catering) into a much more proactive, strategic role. In this role, it is also concerned with the design of property and the work environment, purchasing and future management and maintenance of the property thus, it covers a broad area of non-core activities (see Figure 1.3). Such activities could include IT Services and even human resources management. It is strategic role of facilities management which will be developed in this book. The evolution of facilities management Repairs and maintenance Cleaning and waste disposal Property purchase and design for target market Property valuation to determine use Refits to meet change or need Changes of service to meet change in demand patterns Policies on space utilization and staffing implications Policies on planned management of all physical assets From a management perspective, facilities management must consider the needs of all building users, together with the needs of others who may affect by the management of the building. The needs of the following people, therefore, have to be considered. Shareholders have an interest in business and property value and the asset value and service standards must be maintained or developed. Employees need an efficient working environment. This is conductive to high morale and to high morale and to high quality and productivity. Customers in a hotel will not only be visiting the establishment, the will, hopefully, enjoy using its facilities. Considerable expertise must go into creating an atmosphere and environment which reinforces the good image of the organization. The local community will be affected by the property. Aspects such as visual appearance, pollution, traffic (as a result of business), employment and the encouragement of local custom must be all managed. Reliable suppliers who provide consistent quality are very important to the success of any organization. They might be providing a service, staff, equipment or supplies. Partnership, strategic alliances and other agreements are some means by which this group can be managed. Recent history gives some indication as to how and why the concept of facilities management, in general, not just in the hospitality industry, has developed in the last decade and the hospitality industry, has developed in the last decade and suggest that although many of the strands are not new, the overall approach does not have a different emphasis. The various factors which may have attributed to the rise in facilities management will now be considered. The scope of facilities management Car fleet management Cleaning Construction Contract management Energy management Furniture selection Human resources Health and safety Interior design Lighting IT management Linen and laundry Maintenance Mechanical engineering Organizational behavior Project management Reprographics and design Security Space planning management Procurement and supplies management Travel management Accounts Acoustics Architecture Computer and design Factors attributing to the development of facilities management Cost reductions Fierce competition, depressed trading conditions, higher energy costs and other economic elements have forced companies to look at all means of reducing costs and maintaining the market edge. Facilities costs can be very significant. Stipanuk and Roffman (1992) estimated that a full service hotel of under 125 rooms has an average expense of 11.9 per cent of turnover for property management and energy. With costs, savstings can best be made at the design stage of buildings. The development of ideas on terotechnology (considering life-cycle costs at the planning stage) is yet another probable stimulus for the development of facilities management concepts. In response to the rising awareness of property costs, attempts have been made to forecast total ownership costs of buildings (life-cycle costs) at the planning stage. These costs would include: Initial (fixed costs) + Operating costs + Residual costs (e.g. demolition or sale). The need for flexibility Continuous change of policy, market and methods within organizations is now common. Whereas once, such decisions and changes whereas once, such decisions and changes were momentous and seen to be long-lasting, now they are considered to be more routine. At one time, there was only an occasional need for someone to oversee change whereas now that person is needed full-time. Changes related to physical assets include extending or reducing overall working space, modifying workstations to facilitate changing work methods or achieving building modifications in line with rate of churn (i.e. movement of personnel within the jobs in the building). Obsolescence related to workspace rarely, means physical delay, it often means the right fabric in the place. Such as process of change has been evidenced in hotels with relation to computerization and in restaurants as eating habits change and customer expectations of environment alter. In addition, response time needs to be fast. Downtime is wast e. Hotel rooms are a perishable commodity as those not sold twice tomorrow night. Acknowledgement of the facilities as a major resource of the business itself, often means that premises are used round the clock. Trends in the development of facilities management Many changes in recent years have been technological (e.g. building design and telecommunications). At the same time, human needs and expectations have changed and there is need to bridge the gap between the technical and human (see figure 1.6). In looking at the growth of facilities management in the UK, a number of trends become evident. Management and customer perceptions Need to change physical assets from overheads to resources Prestige Employee needs and expectations Working conditions Morale Sick building syndrome Negligence claims Need for flexibility Continuous market changes Need for responses Heavier use of facilities Cost reductions Competition Depressed trading conditions Higher energy conditions Higher energy costs Higher cost of space Need for operational efficiency Downsizing Need to focus on core competitiveness Government policies Compulsory competitive tendering Health and safety

Mcmaster Children’s Hospital Essay

â€Å"Mcmaster Children’s Hospital is a caring for our future, one child at a time. † It was distinguished as one of the hospitals who provided the best care for patients and is also awarded with Profiling Excellence in Family-Centered Care in 2008. Aside from receiving various awards and recognition for the quality of their services it is also one of the largest pediatric hospital in Canada and ranked second busiest in Ontario. It also has 40 pediatric clinics with diverse specialization which can treat illness of almost any kind. It is like a one stop shop wherein all that you need in child care treatment, child care specialists and medicines are all there. In addition, it has also specialization on child care disorder. Because of its size and specialization a number of clients and patients can be accommodated immediately once they approach the lobby area. Superior care can be given to children because of it advocates the â€Å"inherent worth of youth and children†. Another characteristic of Mcmaster that set it aside from other hospitals is that it does not surpassed the opinion of patients (the youth and the children) as well as their families in deciding for their welfare. Before deciding for a certain treatment and the like they consult first the concern people. As it is best for children it is also recommended for babies because of its newly installed intensive care units for neonatal. It best fits pregnant women for the superior caring of their unborn children because it can give thorough care to the pregnant women beginning from pre-natal stage to post-natal stage. As it advocates innovation, one may experience an extraordinary hospital treatment because of its innovative facilities. As it advocates quality service, a patients, clients, or visitors are surely to experience a comfortable stay in the hospital. The nurses and medical practitioners are all very accommodating and are very helpful in any way possible. For the families, the Mcmaster hospital is an absolute safe alternative haven for your children and relatives who happened to visit or to be confined in the hospital. All of the staff has proper identification and name tags, likewise, the patients, have identification bands. In case that someone needs assistance whether in rooms or bathrooms, call bells are available to inform nurses. As for the hospital’s organization, the structure is formal with moderate degree of bureaucracy. The decision making process is participative, with the patients, clients and residents as partner in decision making. Although, the Mcmaster organization is generally stable and the functions can be considered as highly effective and efficient there are also some improvement that can be done to the organization for superior achievement of goals and better-quality satisfaction of customers. First, the Mcmaster organization may opt to post more and detailed information on their websites regarding their facilities and services. The customers can generate more information and knowledge about their services if this can be done. Another change that can be implemented is the adaptation of modern medical record technology. Several years ago, technology adaptation in medical recording has hailed a tremendous welcome from medical practitioners and health care providers. The goal of this is to ensure a secure exchange of health matter information through out the national system. The basic assumption of the electronic medical record directive is to secure accessibility to patients’ health information, whenever and wherever needed. Improving the quality of service requires a change in the system that will also bring forth efficiency which is the very heart of the so called EMR. The modern way of recording can be more protective for patients’ information. It will serve as a tool in promoting a more secure environment. Even the staff is assigned to l00 patients; he/she will be able to enjoy a hassle free recording because of the automatic commands in computer that will speed up the process unlike the manual recording. The EMR will help decrease errors in medical recording. The medical attendants to patients’ time will be also increase because there is no longer need for checking on the time consuming paper records and correcting on the misreported patients information and diagnoses.

Immorality of Excessive Gambling Essay

Excessive gambling is immoral because it causes people to exhaust their resources on an activity with uncertain results which can result to bigger problems in the end. Those who gamble should practice moderation in their ways so that they will be able to avoid the possibilities of gambling dependency on one’s future and of drying-up one’s financial resources just to satisfy an earthly pleasure. Instead of going to casinos and playing card games on a regular basis, people should only do so as a pastime so that they can a lot most of their time to more rewarding activities that are certain to compensate for their efforts. If a person gambles too much, the tendency of the individual is to use most—if not all—of his financial resources just to satisfy his desire to gamble (Kusyszyn, 1984). An excessive gambler does not mind if the odds of winning are small compared to the odds of losing. Moreover, an excessive gambler no longer minds if the money he has gambled has already reached to amounts that are already way beyond the ordinary. The excessive gambler, therefore, is so devoted to spending a luxurious amount in the hopes of winning his bet which, if he did win, he will then again use to gamble. While the case of an excessive gambler is not always beyond repair, the damages that his deeds can inflict not only to himself but also to his family can certainly alter the course of their lives for the worse, if not the worst. For one, financial debt can never be far behind because an excessive gambler will find ways just to fuel his addiction—including loans either from lending institutions or other people. This will certainly affect the financial security of himself and of his family. Another thing is that excessive gambling can lead to loss of time for work and for the family. If the excessive gambler losses time for his work, there is a great chance that he will be losing his job which can cut-off his or his family’s source of income. The loss of time for the family is also negative consequence because it causes family members to lose emotional bond. If the gambler is a father, there is the risk that his children will no longer see him as a fatherly figure or, probably worse, they may reach the point where they will no longer miss his presence in the household while he is out in the casinos gambling. More importantly, excessive gambling is immoral because it takes away the opportunity for families to develop and grow in many ways. Instead of spending the money on gambling, the money could have been better spent on household furniture, on paying monthly bills, family vacation and other things that could have brought the family closer together. The latter options are certainly the better options to take instead of gambling too much. The omission of these good options in exchange for the worse option is certainly not a moral thing to do when the person could have just chosen the option that was primarily beneficial to everybody in the household and its future. From a utilitarian perspective, disregarding the option that maximizes benefits to the most number of individuals concerned is not the moral thing to do (Freeman, 1994). Thus, excessive gambling is immoral from a utilitarian standpoint. Aristotle’s philosophy of moderation suggests that human beings should avoid the extremes because the excess and the deficiency of anything are vices whereas the moderation of it is considered to be a virtue (Yu, 1998). The same principle can be applied to contemporary gambling. For example, an individual’s deficiency of playing slot machines in casinos or anywhere else where there ways to gamble is considered as a vice. On the other hand, spending too much time, attention and resources on playing poker in a Las Vegas casino is also considered to be a vice. The best option that should be taken is a moderate gambling practice because, according to Aristotle, the moderate way is the virtuous way which can lead to the good life. Instead of going regularly to casinos or spending more time in the race track than in the household, the excessive gambler should practice moderating his addiction. He can instead cut the time and money he is spending on his vices and devote more of them to his family. He can also choose to work harder in the office or spend more time with his children so that he will have less time for gambling. The bright side to that is that he becomes less of a person addicted to gambling while being more of a normal person at the same time. The point is not to siphon all of your time, resources and attention to gambling as it deprives you of some of life’s better activities. It does not mean, however, that the person should altogether abandon gambling. The thing is that gambling can still be a part of a person’s life, only that this time around gambling is no longer an addiction but rather a leisurely activity spent for pastime. In fact, moderate gambling can be a source of emotional bond for family members especially for the adult parents. For instance, a couple can decide to go on vacation in Las Vegas and spend a bit of time and money in a casino where they can play together for fun. If they lose, not much is lost because the primary goal was to establish more emotional bond together. If they win, however, their financial winnings can be considered as mere ‘bonuses’ to their primary intent. This perhaps best explains why gambling can also be a good deed so long as it is within moderate limits. It is easy to see and understand why excessive gambling is immoral. For the most part, it is a menace that tears down family bond and deprives people of spending their lives on better activities. Although excessive gambling is immoral, the moderation of gambling can still be considered as a good thing for it can also bring families closer together. References Freeman, S. (1994). Utilitarianism, Deontology, and the Priority of Right Utilitarianism, Deontology, and the Priority of Right. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 23(4), 313-349. Kusyszyn, I. (1984). The Psychology of Gambling. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 474, 133-145. Yu, J. (1998). Virtue: Confucius and Aristotle. Philosophy East and West, 48(2), 323-347.

psychology essay question daycare Essays

psychology essay question daycare Essays psychology essay question daycare Essay psychology essay question daycare Essay What does psychological research tell us about daycare? (12 marks) Daycare is where a child is cared for by someone other than its parents for some part of the day and it could be considered a form of short term deprivation. The NICHD study in the USA aimed to study the effect of daycare on children by conducting a longitudinal study. This involved gathering data by various methods such as observations, interviews and surveys. 1,200 children were studied from birth until they started school. The results of this study showed that the children who spent early continuous and ntensive time in daycare were likely to have more behavioural problems, such as aggression and disobedience, later than children who did not. The problems were rated by teachers and parents which suggests that the length of time in daycare has an effect. A significant strength of the study as the sample was very large and it was a longitudinal study, both which reduces the effects of individual differences. The researchers would have gathered a lot in-depth detail from the participants and furthermore be able to study development over time which makes the results more eliable. However a weakness of the NICHD study is that the findings took place in one culture, the USA, and may not be able to be generalised to other cultures. Cross cultural research has found differences in attachment across different cultures, which suggests these findings may only be applicable to children in the USA. A further issue that was investigated by this study is the type of daycare. It was found that nursery-type daycare, as oppose to home day-care, led to improvements in cognitive and language development but also increased behavioural problems such s disobedience. The study showed a third finding which was that the quality of daycare was important. Low quality daycare was particularly bad for children with mothers who lacked sensitivity. Good quality daycare tended to mean higher cognitive and language functioning in children. Overall, they concluded that daycare can have some negative effects such as aggression and disobedience. However, this complex area involves many variables and therefore it is difficult to draw a meaningful conclusion which is a weakness of the study. Researchers may not have considered issues such as good social background, temperament of the child, quality of their attachments and cultural differences which all could have affected the results of the study. On the other hand, the researchers used various different methods to collate data which means data can be compared to check for reliability and validity which is a strength of the study. This is like repeating the study to check for reliability, so if the same results are found using different research methods then reliability can be claimed. The EPPE project in the I-JK found different results to the NICHD study in the USA. They aimed to look at the impact of preschool provision on a childs intellectual, behavioural and social development. They also wanted to see if social inequalities could be reduced by attendance in preschool settings and whether some types of settings were better than others. They studied 3,000 children and used observations and interviews with parents and practitioners. The participants were from a range of social backgrounds to provide a variety in the ample, to look at issues such as social background. There were two groups; a control centres took part in the study. This is a strength of the study because the sample was large and carefully planned to include a range of children from different social backgrounds which means more secure conclusions can be drawn. They also used a control group in which they compare the daycare children which enables researchers to draw comparisons. The researchers found that high quality care improved social, behavioural and intellectual development. Furthermore, the study found that the earlier a child started daycare, the better the intellectual improvement. Children also had better independence and concentration the longer they had been in daycare. Another important finding was that disadvantaged children were better off in good quality daycare. However, a previously mentioned weakness regarding the NICHD study is the issue of generalisability as the study was conducted in one country, the I-JK. However, they accounted for this by choosing participants from a range of social backgrounds. Further psychological research into daycare came from Belsky and Rovine (1988) who considered the findings of the NICHD and EPPE projects. They used various methods such as the strange situation procedure. They concluded that good quality daycare, including childcare in daycare centres, can lead to better cognitive and language abilities. However, the more time spent in daycare, especially more time in centre-based care, tended to leave lead to more behavioural problems. He found that the important features of daycare are quality, quantity and type of daycare. A strength of this study is that data is relatively valid, as it is a quantitative measure of hours spent in daycare. However, the strange situation test could not be a valid measure as it only captures one particular issue; stranger fear. To conclude, daycare is a multifaceted, complex issue. Research shows us that it is not a simple issue of whether daycare is beneficial or not, but rather there are many different factors that can affect it such as; the type of daycare, the length of time spent in daycare and the age in which the child starts daycare.