Community Supervision essay

Community Supervision essay Community Supervision essay Community Supervision essayCommunity supervision is an effective method to keep offenders out of custody, but at the same time, help them to improve their behavior, social views and become socially advantageous. As offenses/ or crimes are divided into two major categories: violent crimes and minor crimes, community supervision can be viewed as the best way to address the offenses when offenders are not put behind bars. Instead, they are put on probation, parole or other alternatives to custody (Mair, 2013).   It is wrong to incarcerate people, whose crimes are not violent enough; therefore more flexible alternatives punishments are available across the United States. Currently, many offenders on probation or parole are assigned to intensive supervision probation/parole programs (Cole et al., 2014). Community supervision can be viewed as an effective strategy to punish the offenders convicted of some minor crimes. This strategy guarantees changes in the lifestyles, behaviors and val ues of offenders through effective treatment programs, control and punishment.The major goal of this paper is to analyze community supervision, such as probation, parole, other alternatives to custody, and discuss why keeping offenders out of custody is beneficial.Analysis of community supervision as an alternative to custody  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Community supervision can be defined as an effective form of punishment that guarantees considerable changes in offenders’ lifestyles, behaviors and values. In fact, community supervision is based on the proper control and effective coordination of services to address the needs of offenders who are convicted of some minor crimes (Mair, 2013). There are three major purposes of community supervision, including treatment, control and punishment. Today there are â€Å"4.8 million of American offenders under community supervision† (Cole et al., 2014, p. 587). In order to have a better understanding of the nat ure of community supervision as an alternative to custody, it is necessary to refer to different forms of community-based supervision, including probation, parole and intensive supervision probation/parole. As a rule, offenders under community supervision may be either on probation or parole (Cole et al., 2014). The difference between probation and parole is obvious. Probation can be viewed as a sentence that is offered as an alternative to go to prison, while parole is an early release from prison that is an alternative to remaining in prison (Cole et al., 2014).Probation as an alternative to custody  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Probation is an alternative to custody. According to researchers, probation has its roots in the use of a more humane and effective methods aimed at dealing with the problems of offenders in social context (Alarid Carmen, 2010). Probation as the form of community supervision is based on surveillance and monitoring of the offender’s be havior, providing assistance in finding a job and other aspects of social involvement. In general, probation is considered to be the most widely used method of punishment for juveniles involved in criminal activity and convicted on some minor crimes. People with sentences, including juveniles, women and aboriginal people, have a chance to live in the community setting under the rules established by the judge and under the supervision of the assigned probation officer.Parole as an alternative to custodyParole is considered to be another alternative to custody. According to researchers, the idea of a sentence that can serve as an alternative to custody involves the concept of parole, in which â€Å"prisoners are released early and subject to probation supervision† (Mair, 2013, p. 163). Parole programs involve rehabilitation methods that help to establish the proper conditions for offenders and provide the proper control. Parole, as an administrative decision, allows an offender to serve time in the community and enhance behavior through effective programs (Cole et al., 2014). If the parolee violates the established conditions of community supervision, he/she should be returned to prison. According to the statistical data, about 40 % of parolees are returned to incarceration because of the violations of community supervision requirements (Cole et al., 2014).Intensive supervision probation/paroleIntensive supervision probation/parole is an improved method of supervision that â€Å"subjects offenders to closer surveillance, more conditions, and more treatment exposure than regular probationers and parolees† (Alarid Carmen, 2010, p. 209). This form of community supervision was developed for high risk offenders who require more intensive community sentence. At the same time, intensive supervision probation/parole helps to enhance rehabilitation efforts through increased social involvement and contact. According to researchers, it is a â€Å"viable alt ernative to incarceration† (Alarid Carmen, 2010, p. 209).In addition, intensive supervision probation/parole was developed as the enhanced form of release into the community focused on the intermediate sanctions that are aimed at the expansion of existing â€Å"sentencing options beyond prison and traditional probation/parole† (Petersilia Turner, 1993). In fact, most intensive supervision probation/parole programs involve the following procedures: multiple weekly contacts with the assigned supervising officer; â€Å"random and unannounced drug testing†; strict enforcement of the established probation/parole conditions; participation in the proper treatment, finding a job, and performing community services (Alarid Carmen, 2010; Petersilia Turner, 1993).Violation of community supervision  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In case a person under community supervision violates the established conditions imposed on him/her by the court, he/she should be p unished. Community supervision officers should respond quickly to improper behavior. Their responses depend on the seriousness of the offender’s behavior. In other words, the noncompliant behavior of offenders requires imposing sanctions (Alarid Carmen, 2010; Mair, 2013).   The widely used methods include issuing verbal and written warnings. Besides, probation and parole officers may require the offender to be involved in intensive treatment programs or they may increase the intensity of supervision practices, such as drug testing (Mair, 2013).The benefits of keeping offenders out of custody  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are certain benefits of keeping offenders out of custody. Community supervision is a form of community custody, which addresses the needs of offenders who need treatment that can be properly delivered in the community setting.   The priority for community supervision constitutes the offenders who need community-based treatment, e.g. d rug treatment programs (Cole et al., 2014).   This fact means, community supervision is beneficial as it gives an opportunity to improve the lifestyles of many people who need community-based treatment, leading to lower rate of arrests in the future (Alarid Carmen, 2010). According to researchers, community supervision is the best form of punishment for aboriginal offenders because they are less likely to be incarcerated than non-aboriginal offenders who are convicted of more violent crimes (Alarid Carmen, 2010; Petersilia Turner, 1993).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, community supervision helps to facilitate economic condition of states regarding the expenses for prisons. In other words, community supervision is cheaper than imprisonment. According to Merry Morash (2010), â€Å"incarceration drains state and federal resources and disrupts communities and families† (p. 4). For example, many states fail to increase funding for schools, hospitals and other institutions and improve various social programs because of considerable incarceration costs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides, offenders convicted for minor crimes experience negative effects of incarceration on their lifestyles, habits and health conditions. According to Merry Morash (2010), â€Å"the close quarters within prisons and jails promote ties among lawbreakers†(p. 4). Prisons have negative effect on family relations, leading to divorces. Moreover, prisons may cut offenders’ links to various community resources, making them antisocial (Morash, 2010).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Initially, community supervision was a sentencing option that could not only protect citizens, but also inflict the proper punishment on offenders. Community supervision strategies are control-oriented, including â€Å"risk screening, intensive supervision, electronic monitoring and drug-use testing† (Morash, 2010, p. 345). Today commu nity supervision conducted through probation, parole, intermediate sanctions and other alternatives to custody has become a growing part of the criminal justice system (Mair, 2013).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that community supervision, such as probation, parole, and other alternatives to custody can be used to keep offenders out of custody, providing a wide range of benefits. Community supervision helps to reduce the cost of incarceration and other negative effects. Today federal and state officials and policymakers are focused on the promotion of community supervision in order to keep offenders out of prisons and to provide assistance after incarceration. Generally speaking, community supervision helps to reduce prison crowding, eliminate the expenses for prisons and jails, and enhance family relations and social support. These factors mean that keeping offenders convicted of minor crimes out of custody is beneficial.

Observing K-3 Science Activities & Observing K-3 Math Activities Coursework

Observing K-3 Science Activities & Observing K-3 Math Activities - Coursework Example For instance, increasing their proficiency would mean sitting down them individually or in small groups and explaining the concepts to them through real-life methodology. Collaborating is undoubtedly essential in order to thrive in any profession as the thoughts of ideas, knowledge, and practices are exchanged. Quite often, students struggle to socialize in a pre-dominant learning environment as I witnessed this first hand. Whiteboards, technical stimulation were used. In addition, an application was used to teach children in a better manner so their minds can be stimulated. This was crucial to their learning development because the kids interacted with it. g. What types of questions were used during the lesson? What research-based strategies are being used to promote critical and higher order thinking? Content area vocabulary? Do the techniques and strategies used promote diversity, openness, inquiry, and support? Many open-ended questions were utilized to answer these questions. First and foremost, kids were given problems that they needed to solve in a highly skilled manner. Additionally, students were propagated to promote critical thinking by thinking outside the box. I like the fact that they can use other techniques instead of boring drills. Yes, I think they do promote openness and the desire to learn. The purpose of education is to ensure that students become good moral citizens of society and make sound decisions that can facilitate humanity. It is clear to point out those morals such honesty, integrity, and morals are derived from important nurture. Another purpose of education is to collaborate and engage in peer tutoring. Peer tutoring is an essential learning tool because it facilitates the process of collaboration and writing a social artifact. Peer tutoring is an extremely innovate idea since it combines collaborative and cognitive learning as students learned from tutors and tutors

Image of nursing Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Image of nursing - Annotated Bibliography Example The article analyses relevant literature published between 1980 and 2011 with an attempt to understand the situation of nursing image. According to the media, nursing profession has suffered from invincibility and poor communication since majority of nurses have been women lacking effective communication skills with the media. Nursing is seen to be a female job suffering from gender issues, thus it is difficult to recommend to a male student the profession. Nursing profession organizations have attempted to shape the image of nursing through implementation of ethics and codes of conduct as governing principles to the profession, nevertheless, this has not been efficient in ensuring sufficient resource allocation, remuneration and prevention of violence against the nurses. The unsatisfactory image of nursing has been a leading factor in low staff recruitment, shortage in nurses, and lack of public trust in nurses as well as job dissatisfaction among the nurses. However, well-coordinat ed mechanisms for improving nursing image are projected to be crucial for improvement of the nurses’ attitude towards performance, as well as increasing public trust on

Corruption in local government Essay Example for Free

Corruption in local government Essay Corruption simply means dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those who are in power. Corruption is the evil which lead to the economic social and moral problems of a country. The man is greedy in nature so that’s why he desire more and more and for achieving his desire, sometime he chooses the path which is against his moral standards we have so many examples of corrupt people in the world. Corruption is the mother of all evils. Corruption has done a deplorable situation in the country. There are various forms of corruption such as bribery, nepotism and extortion which is deeply penetrated in our social system. There are many types of corruption like Political corruption, Systematic corruption, Organizational corruption, Judiciary corruption, Social corruption and many others. In Pakistan all these types of corruption have been done. Corruption has become very common thing in our social and political culture. All the important individuals of the society like Government and private employees are involved in corruption. The rising level of corruption has given many problems like depression ad sense of insecurity. Every department is involved in corruption. Due to corruption common people are deprived of their basic rights. Corruption can only be eradicated if there are honest people on senior government seats. These days Pakistan is in terrible situation because there is too much corruption in Pakistan. Every department is corrupt and not performing their duty with honesty. Due to this evil of corruption people cannot get their basis rights. The funds and money that should be spend to provide facilities to the people, they are gone in corruption. The development projects are incomplete due to corruption. Corruption has many bad effects in the lives of common people. There are many effects of corruption. Corruption give birth to many evils in the society and causing many problems to the country and the citizens of the county some of them are listed like It leads

The Hero’s Journey in Homers The Odyssey Essay -- Hero, Homer, Odysse

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hero’s Journey is never an easy one. This particular journey, as detailed in Homer’s The Odyssey, is one of struggle, loss, heartache, pain, growth and triumph. It is comprised of many steps that Odysseus has to overcome and battle through in order to achieve his final goal of reaching his home and his loved ones. From the Call to Adventure to the Freedom or Gift of living, Odysseus conquered them all. The story begins in the middle of the story, as many of the oral Greek traditions did, with the Journey of Telemachus to find his father. Although Telemachus has not yet met his father, it is almost as if they are journeying together, where the end of both of their journeys results in being reunited. Telemachus journeys from being a boy to becoming a man, while out in the sea Odysseus is battling Poseidon to return to the home that wife that he loves and the home he has left behind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first step in any hero’s journey is the Call to Adventure, or the seperation from the pack. For Odysseus this call happened while he was on Calypso’s Island. Up on Olympus Athena had convinced Zeus of her case and Hermes was dispatched to free Odysseus from Calypso’s grasp. Odysseus was settled here for quite some time and had no way of escape until Calypso was forced by the gods to let him go. This is where his journey begins. At first Odysseus is very skeptical of this freedom and thinks that it is a trick by Calypso, which is the denial stage that follows the call to adventure. This stage seperates Odysseus once agaian from what has become familiar to him. He is called to journey alone once again to gain what it is that he has wanted for so long. For Telemachus his call came due to the perils he was facing in his own home with suitors competing for his mother’s love. They started to eat him out of house and home and began to disrespect his mother. B efore this Telemachus had stayed quiet, and had not taken action. Telemachus got summoned to branch out from his mother and his home to venture out on a journey of his own. It was now his time to become a man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In every journey the hero also has a mentor. In this story Athena, the gray-eyed goddess of wisdom, has taken on this role for both Odysseus and Telemachus. Athena was by Odysseus’ side as a guide for much of the beginning of his Journey. Athena also is a guide to Odysseus when he’s not even aware o... ...machus, through this journey, has become a man. When the story began Telemachus was a little boy with no figure in his life to really guide him stuck in a bad situation. Over the course of the journey Telemachus had to make due in many situations where respected elders surrounded him. In normal father to son relationships it is your father who teaches you and forces you to become a man. Somehow in this story, although Odysseus was not directly in Telemachus’ life, Odysseus did teach Telemachus how to be a man. It was Odysseus’ absence and hope of his return that was the driving force for Telemachus, and which made him eventually grow into manhood. The hero is the man who fights for what he loves. A hero is someone who rises above circumstance to take back what is his or hers. A hero is a man who was favored by the gods. All of these qualities and more can be found in both Odysseus and Telemachus. Odysseus and Telemachus both showed many manifestations of a hero throughout the Odyssey. It was a journey of change and growth for both men. Out of this journey they returned with much wisdom and personal gain. Odysseus and Telemachus have truly walked the path of the hero’s journey.

How are Marco and Rodolpho initially presented in A View From the Bridge? Essay

From Marco’s first appearance on stage it is clear that Miller intended to portray him as cautious and respectful. In the stage directions, Miller describes him as â€Å"suspicious, tender†. The use of the word â€Å"suspicious† tells us that Marco is aware of the dangers he and his brother face as immigrants and as such trusts very few people. The word â€Å"tender† supports this idea as it implies that Marco is being careful about what he says as well as being careful to not overstep any boundaries, an idea further supported by the fact that he either sticks only to one or two word answers such as â€Å"thank you† or just nodding. The way Marco has been presented shows that he is very careful by nature and as such will obey those who are in charge. This is first demonstrated after the brothers enter the apartment. After addressing Beatrice, the first thing that Marco tells Eddie is that when â€Å" you (Eddie) say go, we will go†. Almost immediately after meeting the Carbone family Marco states that he will obey Eddies commands and in doing so establishes a hierarchy, in which Eddie is at the highest point. When asked about the condition of life in Italy Marco responds by saying it’s â€Å"bad†. Though on the surface this seems like a very basic description when taken into context it displays just how horrible conditions are there. Marco states that his eldest son is â€Å"sick in the chest† and that if he had stayed â€Å"they (the children) will never grow up†. These sentences show the suffering present in Italy and the fact that Marco doesn’t explicitly refer to the possibility of his children dying and rather only vaguely hints to it shows the fact that while he knows that it is a possibility he refuses to accept it. So when Marco describes the situation as â€Å"bad† what Miller is doing is allowing the audience to imagine for themselves just how bad the situation is. This explains why Marco has come to the US; he is trying to support his family back home and ensure their survival. When Rodolpho first sees the house he exclaims that he thought the Carbone’s â€Å"were poor†. This implies that Rodolpho is seeing their house as very big compared to what he would be used to, which shows just how poor Rodolpho’s family are. Additionally the way Miller has Rodolpho speak this line shows a lot about his character; Miller presents him as excitable and naive through the fact that while Marco is being quiet and careful Rodolpho is talking loudly and being playful. This idea is added onto when Rodolpho answers Catherine’s question about her appearance by saying the â€Å"Danes invaded Sicily†. This is clearly intended to be a joke and shows that Rodolpho is being playful with Catherine, and also hints to the fact that Rodolpho might be attracted to her. Miller adds to Rodolpho’s childlike nature when he has him describe life back in Sicily. While Marco describes the negativities of life back home Rodolpho decides to make it humorous describing how everything in the town â€Å"you gotta push†. His forwardness shows how naive he is. This is further demonstrated when he describes his reasons for coming to America. Rodolpho states that â€Å"when [he] is rich† he will â€Å"buy a motorcycle†. The fact that he says â€Å"when [he] is rich† shows just how little he has thought the plan through. Eddie has been working in America his entire life and is nowhere near being considered being rich, while Rodolpho just assumes he will be. Additionally, his dream of owning a â€Å"motorcycle† is what could be described as a young man’s dream i.e. a person in their youth further adding to the idea that Rodolpho is very childlike. In the relationship between Marco and Rodolpho, Miller makes it clear that Marco is the one with the authority. This is first shown when Marco says to Rodolpho â€Å"Shh! Come†. In this line it is clear that Marco is commanding Rodolpho and since he follows Marco’s commands we can assume that this is normal for them. Furthermore it is Marco who knocks on the door of the apartment implying it is he who takes responsibility. When Rodolpho mentions how he wants to own a motorbike, Marco replies by saying â€Å"when you have no wife you have dreams†. The use of the word dreams suggests that Marco sees Rodolpho’s ambition as unrealistic and as nothing more than just childish wishes. Additionally it could show that Marco sees Rodolpho as not having any responsibilities as he does not have a wife. Furthermore when Rodolpho is describing his first singing performance he states on having lived â€Å"six months on that night† to which Marco â€Å"nods doubtfully† and responds that they in fact only lived two months off the performance. The hyperbole made by Rodolpho seems to confirm the idea of him being a childish figure therefore making Marco the adult figure in the relationship. When Eddie questions Rodolpho about whether or not he â€Å"want[s] to be picked up† Marco replies by rising and saying â€Å"no – no†. Marco’s dominance is displayed by the fact that he replies for Rodolpho and because of the fact that he does it so quickly. Additionally he then goes on to tell Rodolpho â€Å"you’ll be quiet† and the use of an imperative further demonstrated the dominance Marco has over Rodolpho. When Catherine sees Rodolpho she questions him â€Å"wondrously† about his complexion. Wondrously shows that Catherine is intrigued by Rodolpho’s appearance as well as possibly hinting to the fact that she finds him attractive and is curious about him. Furthermore she then exclaims to Beatrice that he is â€Å"practically blond† again showing her interest in him. Additionally Miller heavily suggests Catherine’s interest toward Rodolpho when she is described as asking him whether he’s â€Å"married too†. What this does is show to the audience that Catherine is very interested in Rodolpho and is already considering starting a relationship with him. When Miller describes Eddie as coming to â€Å"address Marco only† what he is doing is showing the audience the start of Eddies disapproval of Rodolpho. This all stems from the fact that in Eddie’s eyes he sees Marco as a real man, strong and masculine, whereas Rodolpho is seen as weak and effeminate. This is added onto when Eddie interrupts Rodolpho’s singing and says â€Å"we never had no singers here†. While this may just be concern for him it could also be interpreted as Eddie being jealous of all the attention Roldolpho is receiving and so purposefully stopped him. In contrast Catherine responds to Eddie’s interruption by saying â€Å"leave him finish†. The fact that Catherine, who had prior to this point been entirely dependant on Eddie’s opinions, goes against Eddie’s wishes is significant and shows just how deep her attraction for Rodolpho goes.

Essay on The Rise of Empire British Imperialism - 1463 Words

The word Empire’ which was derived from the Latin word imperium, when first used in the English language, meant independence. It was under the rule of King Henry VIII that England was called an Empire which affirmed its spiritual and temporal independence. (1) Imperialism, on the other hand, means the rule of the Empire. But this is a simplistic understanding of the term, devoid of its complex layers of meaning given to it by historical events. The term colonialism works to provide a better picture of the weight imperialism holds in our times. Ania Loomba develops the OED definition of the word colonialism from an innocuous settlement to the more insidious - the conquest and control of other peoples land and goods.(2) The†¦show more content†¦One notices that tracing the exact roots of British imperialism is a daunting task given the varied developments scattered over almost two centuries. Sir Lucas helps resolve matters when he says- The English had their age of discovery, adventure, and privateering, and after the glamour was over, there came a prosaic time in the seventeenth century when settlement began and grew as a sober matter of business.(5) The above quote not only helps in situating colonial settlement in somewhat exact historical framework, but also gives the motivation behind these settlements. The men who looked to improve their fortunes joined the colonial bandwagon. The success that the British were enjoying in their endeavours were visible in the list of territories under their control. By the 17th century the British had taken over various regions in America along with Spanish colonies such as St.Kitts, Barbados et cetera. In these colonies, constituting the present day West Indies, the British invested in sugar plantations. Since sugar crops required cheap labour the British entered into slave trade as well, bringing slaves from West Africa. 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